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| Name:__________________________ |
Date:__________________________ |
|
Cell Part |
Cell Structure & Function |
| Mitochondria |
Rod-shaped or round, w/ 2 membranes and inner matrix. Inner membrane, folded into ridges called cristae mitochondriale, has enzymes for converting chem. energy to available energy (ATP). Matrix has enzymes for synthesizing proteins, metabolizing fats. Mito = powerhouse of the cell |
| Nucleus |
Present in every animal cell except RBC, blood platelets, lens fibers; round, elongated, flat, oval; avg. size is 8-10 micrometers; functions as barrier between nucleoplasm & cytoplasm |
| Cell Membrane |
Encloses cytoplasm; too thin to be seen by light microscope; functions as barrier; selectively permeable barrier; cell-to-cell communication receptor site for hormones |
| Cell Wall |
In plants only, surrounds cell membrane; protects against pathogens & counterbalances osmotic pressure; necessary for maintaining cells' char. shape; provides attachment sites for bacteriophages; provides rigid platform for surface appendages |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum |
Network of flat, round, tubular vesicles; 2 types, rough RER & smooth SER; RER function is protein synthesis, SER function varies with cell type, steroid synthesis |
| Ribosomes |
3 types distinguished by structure; small granules, rounded, 15-17 nm in diameter; occurs in 2 forms - bound which synthesizes protein for secretion & free which synthesizes protein for cell growth and regeneration |
| Golgi Apparatus |
Visible as pale area above nucleus; stacks of cisternae; flat in center, distended at ends; function - concentration and packaging of secretory material; synthesis of substances rich in carbos; production of lysosomes |
| Lysosomes |
Rounded bodies, 800-1000 nm in diameter; number varies depending upon activity of cell; cells with high metabolic activity have many; diff. types depending upon content and density; works with nucleus to make proteins |
| Cytoplasm |
Lies within cytoplasmic membrane; featureless under electron micro.; gel-like consistency with different properties; holds many cellular constituents; cytoplasm is the medium in which many functions for cell growth, metabolism & replication are carried out |
| Cytoskeleton |
Maintains cell shape; invisible under micro.; anchors organelles in place and moves parts of cells in processes of growth and motility, composed of protein filaments; critical for cell division |
| Vacuole |
Membrane-bound sac found in plant and animal cells; used for storage; role in intracellular digestion and release of cell waste; variety of functions; plant cell has single large central vacuole; number/size vary in animal cell |
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