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Designing Effective Projects: Characteristics of Projects
Inside Projects: Years P/K-2

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Pond Water and Pollywogs: A P/K-2, Life Science Project
Primary students rear frogs from eggs, and share their expertise in an informative brochure for visitors at a new amphibian’s exhibit at the local zoo.

Higher-Order Thinking Skills
After collecting information on a frog’s natural habitat, students synthesize information by completing one of the two tasks; a mural or a field guide. Students use knowledge and take what they have learned from the natural habitat and apply it to the creation of an artificial habitat. Students use higher-level thinking to answer the Essential and Unit Questions within their final slideshow presentation. A K-W-L chart prompts thinking and investigation throughout the unit, while the teacher encourages students to elevate thinking with the journal questions.

Varied Instructional Strategies 
  • Prior Knowledge: Students access prior knowledge at the beginning of the unit with a Know-Wonder-Learn chart. This graphic organizer elicits questions that students are curious about. The K-W-L chart is referred to throughout the unit and then revisited when the unit is over to celebrate the knowledge gleaned about frogs and habitats. 
  • Graphic Organizers: The unit begins with a K-W-L chart that students add to throughout the unit. A T-chart compares what frogs and people need to grow. A diagram logically lays out the life cycle of a frog, and storyboard planning sheets help students to design their slideshow presentations. 
  • Cooperative Grouping: Students work in collaborative teams to create a slideshow and a newsletter. Each is assigned a role to contribute to the project’s completion. Students work in pairs, as well, to complete the frog life cycle puzzle. 
  • Peer and Teacher Feedback: Students receive teacher feedback throughout the unit through their observation journal writing. Students give peer feedback as they collaborate and share drafts of their newsletter writing. 
  • Recognition: Students get recognition through the publication of their newsletter and slideshow scoring guide. The slideshow is shared with other classes, and students work with adults and upper-year buddies who affirm and help guide student work.  
  • Questioning: The journal questions, as well as discussion of Essential, Unit, and Content Questions provide questioning throughout the unit.  As students fill out the K-W-L chart they are repeatedly asked, What do you know?, What do you wonder?, What did you learn?, further probing them to think at higher levels. 
  • Modeling: The teacher models how to collect information and pull out main points. There are models for exemplary work: a student sample slideshow and a real-life example of frog habitats at the zoo. 
  • Classroom Management: Students work in pairs and in groups to manage the completion of technology products. Because this is a lower primary unit, students also work with adults and upper-year buddies to manage tasks such as reading, writing, and computer use.


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